Interview Preparation | Network Engineer - Part1

 

Interview Preparation : Network Engineer

Technical questions along with brief answers:
1. What is an IP address?
- An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device in a network to identify and locate it.

2. Explain the difference between IPv4 and IPv6.
- IPv4 uses a 32-bit address format, while IPv6 uses a 128-bit address format. IPv6 was introduced to overcome the shortage of available IPv4 addresses.

3. What is a subnet mask?
- A subnet mask is used to divide an IP network into subnetworks by specifying which portion of the address is the network and which is the host.

4. Define MAC address.
- A MAC address (Media Access Control address) is a hardware address that uniquely identifies a device on a local network.

5. What is a router?
- A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different computer networks.

6. Explain the OSI model and its layers.
- The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunications or networking system. It has seven layers, from Physical to Application.

Here's a breakdown of the seven layers:

A. Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection and transmission of raw data bits over a medium (e.g., cables, wireless signals).

B. Data Link Layer: Handles error-free transfer of data frames between two directly connected nodes.

C. Network Layer: Responsible for routing data packets across networks using IP addresses.

D. Transport Layer: Provides reliable or unreliable delivery of data segments between applications on different hosts.

E. Session Layer: Manages connections between applications, including establishing, maintaining, and terminating sessions.

F. Presentation Layer: Deals with data formatting, encryption, and compression to ensure data is in a usable format for the application layer.

G. Application Layer: Provides network services to applications, such as email, file transfer, and web browsing

7. What is a firewall?
- A firewall is a network security device that filters incoming and outgoingu network traffic based on an organization's previously established security policies.

8. What is DNS, and how does it work?
- DNS (Domain Name System) translates human-friendly domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites by name.

9. What is a DHCP server?
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and configuration information to devices on a network.

10. Explain NAT (Network Address Translation).
- NAT is a method used to modify network address information in packet headers while in transit, typically used to allow multiple devices to share a single public IP address.

Source: https://www.coursera.org/articles/network-engineer-interview-questions 

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